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29 October 2008
Introduction
Electricity rate has gone sky high. Many will try to save electricity bills by trying out the installation of energy saving devices. Now, there are Power Savers available in the market. Do they really save electricity bills?
What are these Power Saver?
There are many different types of power savers in the market. Some are floor mounted, others are just small appliances with a 3 pin plug. All claimed to have saved electricity energy; some claimed to save up to 35%. This article will examine if they will really save your electricity bill.
The Salesman's Pitch
In the sale booth, the salesman can demonstrate to you that the Energy Saver can save energy.
Doesn't that Saves Energy?
What the salesman demonstrated is that by installing the Power Saver, the electric current is reduced. But that does not necessary mean that your monthly electricity bills will be reduced.
Why?
First, let us find out what are really inside these Power Savers. If one were to strip open the casing, one will find small electric capacitors.
What are these Electric Capacitors?
These are electronic components we often find in electronic appliances such as in Televisions. They may cost around $ 2 or $ 3 each. They are often used to smoothen electrical circuits to get rid of spikes. They can store up electricity energy just like our car batteries. In the application of Power Saver, the capacitors serve to correct the power factor of an electric appliance but they correct only the reactive and not the active power usage of an appliance.
What is Power Factor?
Power factor is a jargon used in electric and electronic power industries. It is nothing but a term defining the relationship between the active and reactive power of an alternative current or electric waves. Power factor is often referred to as the mathematical "cosine" of the angle between the active and the reactive power. It is one of measurements for the quality of the power supply system.
What are Active and Reactive Powers?Our electricity supplies active as well as reactive power to our homes. In simple layman term, the active power (measured in KW) is for us to produce work or heat whereas reactive power (measured in KVR) is related more to energy storage part of a system. For example, an appliance having pure resistances, such as electric heaters or irons, uses only the active power whereas an electric motor will use both the active power as well as the reactive power.
KWh Meters
By name, KWh meters measures only the active power (KW) of the electricity usage. The meters are constructed such that it ignores the reactive power usage. As Power Saver corrects only the reactive power, it does not save electricity bill directly.
Isn't the Reduction in Electric Current reduces KWh Meter Reading?
The ordinary home KWh meters are of electromechanical type. Each meter has 2 coils, a current and a voltage coil. They are arranged with 90 degree phase shift to always measure the active power usage of the electricity. Depending on the meter construction, many are affected only by the active power used by the network but the power factor of the network does have some effects on the meter reading.
In the case where the current drawn does affect the KWH meter reading, it shall be noted that most home appliances are either of resistive load or already installed with power factor correction capacitors in order to comply to the manufacturing specification. Therefore, additional capacitors provided by Power Saver will not serve much purpose. On the other hand, an over correction with more than enough capacitors may increase the current drawn. It is therefore advisable not to install the Power Saver unless one is sure that the electric appliances to be used do not have the required capacitors already installed. Even then, the electricity bill saving may be minimal except for some heavy appliances such as air conditioners, where some users of Power Saver claimed to have saved some electricity cost.
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